Give two reasons to explain as to why we need to conserve our forest resource.[2]
(b) (i) Mention two conditions required for the growth of Littoral Forest.
(ii) State one characteristic feature of the forest found in the Nilgiri Hills.[2]
(c) (i) Give two reasons to explain as to why the Tropical Evergreen Forests are difficult to exploit for commercial purpose.
(ii) Name any two trees found in Tropical Evergreen forests.[3]
(d) Briefly explain each of the following:
(i) The trees in the Tropical Desert Forest have stunted growth.
(ii) There is a gradual increase in the forest cover in India in recent times.
(iii) The trees in Monsoon Deciduous forests, shed their leaves for about 6-8 weeks during March and April.[3]
Solutions
Forests must be conserved because they have a favourable effect on the climate or temperature and rain / help in soil conservation / flood control measure / maintains the ecological balance / habitat of wild life / provide forest products / places of tourist interest / become a source of humus/ check extension of sand dune/prevent global warming/recharge ground water.(Any two) (b) (i) Temperature 26°C to 29°C / Rainfall – more than 200 cm / coastal climate/ areas of tidal influence/ salty water area.
(ii) Vegetation consists of mixed deciduous and coniferous forests.
The vegetation varies according to altitude.Consists of tropical montane forest- has deciduous, evergreen and alpine vegetation (Any one point)
(c) (i) – Thick under growth / inaccessible – Trees are not in pure stand/mixed stand. – Heavy rainfall. – Lack of transportation. – Hard wood difficult to cut.− Dark and dense/marshy area/ very tall trees/water logging.(Any two points)
(ii) Rosewood, Ironwood, Ebony, Cinchona, Mahogany, bamboo.(Any one)
(d) (i) This is due to non-availability of enough water for growth of trees.
(ii) This is due to check on deforestation / banning shifting agriculture / government initiative such as agroforestry, farm forestry, social forestry, Van Mahotsav, afforestation and re-afforestation.
(iii) Lack of sufficient moisture for leaves to withstand dry weather conditions/ to conserve moisture/ to reduce loss of water through transpiration, to have less surface area/subsoil water is not enough for trees to retain leaf cover/to survive heat and drought condition during autumn, spring and early summe.
(2).......... ...........
Name an area in India where Tropical Monsoon forest is found.(ii) How is this forest of great commercial value to India? [2]
(b) With reference to Littoral forest, answer the following questions: (i) Why do the trees in this forest grow aerial roots? (ii) Name one area in India where this forest is found.[2]
(c) (i) Name a state in India where thorn and scrub forest is found.(ii) Give two ways by which the trees that are found here have adapted to the climate.[3]
(d) (i) Give two ways in which forests are important.(ii) Mention one forest conservation method followed in India.[3]
Solutions
It is found in Northern states along foot hills of Himalayas, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats, Siwalik range and Chota Nagpur plateau region.
(ii) This forest has commercially valuable trees i.e.teak, sal, and shisham which yield valuable timber.It is easily accessible /pure stand.
(b) (i) Aerial root helps the tress to survive in marshes, creeks and submerged areas.
(ii) Along deltas of large rivers of east coast, Sunderban, coastal areas of West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Andaman Nicobar /deltaic area of Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna.
(c) (i) S.W.Punjab, U.P., Central & eastern Rajasthan, M.P., Gujarat.(ii) Trees have adapted by developing long roots, leaves turning to spines, thick fleshy stems to store water drought resistant/xerophytic.
(d) (i) Forests are moderators of climate, play important role in carbon cycle, control soil erosion, help water percolation, add humus to soil and are habitat for animals and birds.Maintain ecological balance.
(ii) Afforestation / re-afforestation / Van Mahotsav / social forestry / farm forestry, agro-forestry/silviculture/joint forest management.
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